The debate of whether milk should be added last or first got a fresh impetus when George Orwell, the celebrated English novelist, published an essay titled A Nice Cup of Tea in the London Evening Standard on 12th January, 1946. In this much referenced and oft-quoted essay, Orwell discussed the fine art of making a cup of tea, and even laid down 11 rules, “…every one of which I regard as golden”.
It is precisely the tenth golden rule which stirred up a fresh controversy. Contrary to the upper-class, aristocratic and elitist social norms, Orwell openly advocated that milk should be added last, upsetting many refined and blue-blooded gentlemen! He proclaimed :
Tenthly, one should pour tea into the cup first. This is one of the most controversial points of all; indeed in every family in Britain there are probably two schools of thought on the subject. The milk-first school can bring forward some fairly strong arguments, but I maintain that my own argument is unanswerable. This is that, by putting the tea in first and stirring as one pours, one can exactly regulate the amount of milk whereas one is liable to put in too much milk if one does it the other way round.
Researchers have been conducting a lot of experiments in an attempt for settle this age-old argument for once and all. They have found that milk should indeed be added first to the cup, and then tea should be poured in. This is because in case milk is added to tea (which is hot, remember) – the milk gets scalded. As a result, denaturation (degradation) of milk proteins happens as the milk encounters temperatures higher than 75 degrees Celsius! Denaturation means individual drops separate from the bulk of the milk, and the milk is said to get ‘scathed’. This results in a staid and sickly cup of tea.
Other researchers found that when milk was added first, the tea tasted richer. But when milk was added last, it tasted bitter!
According to an article published by the Royal Society of Chemistry a few years ago, “add fresh chilled milk, not UHT milk which contains denatured proteins and tastes bad. Milk should be added before the tea, because denaturation (degradation) of milk proteins is liable to occur if milk encounters temperatures above 75°Celsius. If milk is poured into hot tea, individual drops separate from the bulk of the milk and come into contact with the high temperatures of the tea for enough time for significant denaturation to occur. This is much less likely to happen if hot water is added to the milk. Once full mixing has occurred the temperature should be below 75°Celsius, unless polystyrene cups were used.”
Are you a purist who always puts milk first or an Orwellian who maintains his argument is unanswerable, we would love to hear your story! Here are some amusing TIF and MIF stories :